C1 English with Andriana · Maksym & Dariia

21 Sep 2026 — Passive Voice — full review across all forms

You know, you're that type of positive friends who always find something good, even in bad situations.

Covered

  • Small talk — first solo parallel-parking attempt in central Lviv, capped off with a first-ever parking fine (700 UAH); no forced activation phrase used again this lesson.
  • Brief aside about a personal finance-tracking app being built (auto-synced to monobank) — Andriana encouraged thinking about monetising it.
  • Worry jar exercise, then straight into new grammar: Passive Voice, full review.
  • Intuition warm-up — filled five underlined gaps with guessed passive structures before any explanation, then identified which sentences do/don't name an agent.
  • Full active → passive tense drill across the 8 tenses that take a passive form; confirmed the 4 that don't (future continuous, present/past perfect continuous, future perfect continuous).
  • Passive infinitive (to be + V3) vs. passive gerund (being + V3); passive with reporting verbs + perfect infinitive (thought to have been listening, found to be working).
  • Formal vs informal passive: get (informal — I got fined) vs. causative have (formal — I had my car repaired, I'm having my car repaired).
  • Formal impersonal passive openers (it is thought, it was said/sought that, one has decided) and modal-passive for necessity/prohibition/regret.
  • Quantity and connector phrases for formal writing: a great deal (of) vs. a great number (of); sentence-openers given that, granted that, taking into consideration/account, having said that — set as homework.
  • Final worksheet: a passive-voice gap-fill about social media and employment (a manager caught shoplifting on his own store's camera, informing the security department, being fired) — worked through sentence by sentence.
  • Schedule: no class this Thursday — provisionally moved to Wednesday instead, pending Dariia's confirmation.

New language

at your perildo something risky, at your own risk
a shopliftersomeone who steals from a shop
video (verb)to film/record something
anti-theft measuressteps taken to prevent stealing
a great deal (of)a lot of — formal, uncountable
a great number (of)a lot of — formal, countable
given that / granted thatformal “if we accept that”
taking into consideration / taking into accountformal “bearing in mind”
having said thatformal “however”
causative have + object + V3formal alternative to get sth done — I had my car repaired

Grammar

  • Passive keeps the active sentence's tense — it doesn't add perfect or continuous aspect on top. Form: be (in that tense) + V3.
  • 8 of 12 tenses take a passive form; no passive for future continuous, present/past perfect continuous, or future perfect continuous.
  • Passive infinitive: to be + V3 — do need to be reminded. Passive gerund: being + V3 — being taken, aware of being watched.
  • Reporting-verb passive + perfect infinitive — the formal, hedged way to report what people think/found without naming who: X is thought to have been Ving.
  • Formal impersonal openers: it is thought (that) · it was said/sought (that) · one has decided.
  • Regret uses a modal perfect passive, not a separate structure: it could/should have been done earlier than it was.
  • Causative have is the formal alternative to get in the passive: I had my car repaired / I'm having my car repaired / I had my car stolen.
  • A great deal (of) = uncountable · a great number (of) = countable.
  • Gerund as the subject of a sentence takes the -ing form, not the infinitive of purpose: getting sucked into it, not to get sucked.

Quiz

Failed: passive of “they take the photos” (present simple) — reached for continuous (“are being taken”) before landing on the photos are taken, the modal structure for regret — “I don't know”; teacher supplied it could have been done earlier than it happened, the security department's tense (sequential past narrative) — offered “has/had been informed” before landing on plain past simple was informed

Needed prompting: passive of “they took the photos” (past simple) — reached for present perfect first, corrected to the photos were taken, managers “have been exposed” (present perfect passive) — cycled through “are exposed” → “are being exposed” before landing correctly, “posing” as a shoplifter — needed shoplifter explained, and “posing” over “pausing”, “video” as a verb — didn't know video could be a verb until told, anti-theft measures — said “anti-drift” first, “a great number” (countable partner of “a great deal”) — got there with a prompt, “to be gained” (passive infinitive after “a great deal”) — first said “gained by thinking,” needed the rule pointed out, “getting sucked” (gerund as subject) — worked through “to get suck” → “get sucked” → getting sucked, reporting-verb passive sentence (thought to have been listening… found to be working) — built with heavy scaffolding, word by word

Corrections

✗✓
The photos are being taken (as passive of "they take the photos")The photos are taken
The photos have been taken (as passive of "they took the photos")The photos were taken
anti-drift measuresanti-theft measures
the security department has/had been informed (sequential past narrative)the security department was informed — action-by-action narrative takes past simple
there is a great deal gained by thinking twicethere is a great deal to be gained by thinking twice
to get suck for somethinggetting sucked into it
I had findI had my fine written (causative)

Homework

  • Practice the formal sentence-openers exercise (given that / granted that / taking into consideration / taking into account / having said that) — Andriana's words: “an easy one.”
  • Optional: the passive-voice refresher link she's sending in the Telegram chat.
  • Still outstanding from 17 Sep: cover email in “Max's writings” · video resume, 5 min · the register note for the five important synonyms · the weird-professions article.

Notes

  • Tense drift under pressure was the recurring shape today — reaching for continuous/perfect aspect instead of matching the active sentence's exact tense. Logged as a new pattern in Weak Spots.
  • The small-talk activation phrases (keep your head above water, a wet blanket) went unused for a second lesson running.
  • Next lesson: provisionally Wednesday (pending Dariia's confirmation) instead of this Thursday; otherwise next week once Andriana's schedule is confirmed.
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