C1 English with Andriana · Maksym & Dariia

Vocabulary

The drill deck is what isn't learned yet. The glossary below is the full reference.

Drill deck — tap to check yourself

Failed or shaky when actually quizzed.

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pick and choose
take only the best of what's on offer, fussilyYou don't have time to pick and choose.
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short and sweet
brief but pleasantKeep the introduction short and sweet.
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a complete fallacy
a false belief that lots of people holdThat's a complete fallacy.
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a fertile imagination
invents lots of unusual things (≠ fragile)She has a fertile imagination.
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to ponder (sth)
think about it carefully and at length — no negative charge, unlike overthinkI pondered the offer for a week.
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frowned upon
socially disapproved of — always passiveTurning up late is frowned upon.
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I beg to differ
a polite way to say "you're wrong"I beg to differ on that point.
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sluggish
slow and low on energyI'm slow and sluggish today.
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an aptitude for sth
natural ability at it (= a flair for, cut out for, adept at)I have an aptitude for solving process problems.
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colloquial
everyday informal language: idioms, phrasal verbs, informal style (recognised on 20 Aug, still not produced)A cover letter avoids colloquial language.
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daunting
making you nervous or reluctant to face it (+ formidable)A daunting challenge.
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the odds are that…
very probablyThe odds are that they'll ask about salary.
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extensive experience
the right collocation — never big / large / hugeI have extensive experience in marketing.
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spot on
exactly rightHer feedback was spot on.
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tangible benefits
clear enough to be seen or touched (not touchable)The project brought tangible benefits.
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by and large
generally, on the wholeBy and large, the course has gone well.
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cut and dried
already decided, can't be changedThe decision isn't cut and dried yet.
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out and about
going to different placesWe were out and about all weekend.
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irrespective of
regardless of, has no effect on itIrrespective of the cost, we're going.
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to rally (round sb)
come together to support someoneThe whole team rallied round her.
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get hung up about/on sth
worry about it too muchDon't get hung up about small mistakes.
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knock your confidence
damage your belief in yourself (not lower / decrease)Losing the competition knocked her confidence.
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fly in the face of sth
contradict what's reasonable or acceptedIt flies in the face of the evidence.
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a sweeping statement
too general, ignores the factsThat's a sweeping statement.
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to elaborate (on sth)
give more detailCould you elaborate on that point?
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to allocate (time / money)
divide it between purposesWe allocated two hours to it.
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accustomed to + -ing
formal upgrade on used toI'm accustomed to working to tight deadlines.
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a real asset to
the fix for "you could really use me"I feel I would be a real asset to your company.
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aspects of my background which I consider relevant
hands off to the bullets in a cover letterAspects of my background which I consider relevant include the following:
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passionate about
semi-formal — carries a feeling, so it isn't fully formalI'm passionate about my career.
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the odd (comment)
odd = occasional, happening from time to time — the second meaning, not "strange"There's the odd complaint, nothing serious.
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be down to sth
be caused by it — the informal because of / due toThe delay was down to the weather.
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to witter on (about sth)
talk for ages about something unimportant — the preposition is onHe wittered on about the agenda for twenty minutes.
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at the eleventh hour
at the very last momentThey approved the budget at the eleventh hour.
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in the nick of time
just in time, with nothing to spareI joined the call in the nick of time.
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to perceive
the verb behind perception — how you take someone or something inDelays change how you perceive the speaker.
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a relief
the feeling of a burden lifting (≠ relaxation)Not commuting was a real relief.
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to stroll
walk unhurriedly — the course synonym for walking, taught in the first weeksWe strolled for forty minutes before the call.
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non-verbal cues
tone of voice, body language — cues, not cluesVideo calls make non-verbal cues harder to process.
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a crate
the dog box (cage is understood, crate is the word)He settled in his crate without a sound.
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keep your head above water
manage to survive/cope despite difficulty (financial or general) — no article before waterMy business is in trouble, but we're just about keeping our head above water.
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a wet blanket
someone who spoils other people's funHe's such a wet blanket — always wants to go home early.
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a party pooper
someone who ruins the fun for everyone else (= wet blanket)Don't be a party pooper — stay a bit longer.
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elevate (≠ alleviate)
raise or increase something — not a synonym for reducing a bad feeling; easy to confuse with alleviateYou elevate a mindset, but you alleviate boredom.
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to surge / to trickle (down)
surge = move with great strength (water, a crowd); trickle = move slowly, a little at a timeThe crowd surged forward, but the information only trickled down slowly.
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trickle-down effect
hyphenated compound adjective from the phrasal verb trickle downEconomists debate whether the trickle-down effect really works.
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to gush
flow out suddenly and in large quantities (blood, water — also used like surge)Blood was gushing from the wound.
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to exacerbate sth (≠ exaggerate)
make a bad situation worse — exaggerate means overstating somethingStress can exacerbate health problems.
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to engender sth
cause, bring about (formal) — engendered byRemote working can engender distrust between colleagues.
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to alleviate sth
reduce a bad feeling or situation — stress, boredom, physical pain, financial debt, difficult workA short walk helps alleviate boredom.
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to mitigate sth
reduce something bad — used especially about risk, danger or diseaseNew rules were introduced to mitigate the risk.
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to ease sth
reduce, make less intense — ease stress levels (no article before the plural noun)A short walk eases stress levels.
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anti-theft measures
steps taken to prevent stealing (not "anti-drift")The store used the footage to improve their anti-theft measures.
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a shoplifter
someone who steals from a shopHe was caught posing as a shoplifter in his own store.
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video (as a verb)
to film/record somethingHe videoed himself for a how-to upload.
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a great number (of)
a lot of — formal, countable (partner of "a great deal")There is a great number of things to do.
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reel off
repeat a list of things quicklyOn the bus I reel off the names of all fifty tourists.
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cast a vote
vote in an election — the direct meaningI cast my vote before work.
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be cut out for sth (≠ cut and dried)
naturally suited to it. Cut and dried means clear-cut, already decidedDasha is cut out for arguing.
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have a flair for sth
a natural ability for it (= an aptitude for)He has a flair for cycling.
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to muck in (with sb)
share the work so it gets done — UK informalEveryone mucked in to get the stall ready.
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spread the word
tell lots of people about somethingSpread the word — the meet-up is at seven.
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a manifesto
a party's published list of promises (verb: to manifest)It's all in their manifesto.
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paternity leave
time off work for a new fatherHe took six months' paternity leave.

New — not yet learned

These showed up in a lesson but have never actually been tested. They are not known yet — learn the meaning here first, then force them into a sentence before treating them as active vocabulary.

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tick all the boxes
meet every stated requirementThis candidate ticks all the boxes.
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turn your hand to anything
be willing to do any taskShe can turn her hand to anything in the office.
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step up
do what needs doing without being askedWhen the manager left, I had to step up.
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go down well
be received wellThe idea went down well with the team.
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not in my remit
not part of my responsibilitiesApproving budgets isn't in my remit.
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do sth grudgingly
unwillingly, resentfullyHe agreed, but grudgingly.
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make strides in sth
make real progressWe've made real strides in reducing costs.
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have your fair share of sth
have had plenty of itI've had my fair share of difficult clients.
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trot out a trite phrase
wheel out a boring, overused lineHe just trotted out the usual excuses.
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live and learn
said when you've just learnt something newWell, you live and learn.
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back sb up
say that what they're saying is trueCan you back me up on this?
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fill sb in (on sth)
tell them what they missedCan you fill me in on what happened?
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talk sb into sth
persuade them to do itHe talked me into joining the gym.
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tip sb off
give a secret warningSomeone tipped off the police.
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an assault on the senses
overwhelming sound/smell/sightThe market was an assault on the senses.
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fuse flavours
combine themThe chef fuses Japanese and Mexican flavours.
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innate
born with itan innate sense of rhythm.
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external accreditation
confirmation from an outside bodyThe course has external accreditation.
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a big plus
the colloquial way to say an advantageNo commute is a big plus.
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down to the wire
right up to the last moment, outcome still unknownThe negotiation went down to the wire.
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dissonance
two things that don't fit — "our minds are together but physically we are apart"There's a dissonance in every video call.
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video-call protocols
the unwritten rules: eye contact with the camera, the awkward smile, no visible boredomObserving video-call protocols all day is exhausting.
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apprehensive
anxious, nervous — her register-lift synonym, use it instead of repeating anxiousI was apprehensive about turning the camera on.
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lose the thread (of sth)
stop following a discussion (≠ lose the plot = go mad)Ten minutes in and I'd lost the thread.
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to feel drained
emptied of energy after somethingI felt drained after four hours of calls.
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to track deliverables
check that what was committed actually landed — the remote-management answerAllow remote work, but track deliverables.
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a farewell party
a party held to say goodbye to someone who's leavingThey threw her a farewell party before she moved to Lviv.
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at your peril
do something risky, at your own riskYou ignore the warning at your peril.
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given that / granted that
formal "if we accept that"Given that the deadline is fixed, we need to move fast.
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taking into consideration / taking into account
formal "bearing in mind"Taking into account the delays, the plan still works.
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having said that
formal "however" / concessionIt was expensive. Having said that, it was worth it.
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perky
lively, cheerfulShe's always perky in the morning.
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a cakewalk
something very easyThe canyon hike was a cakewalk.
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a vocation (for sth)
work you feel strongly suited to (≠ vacation)Teaching is her true vocation.
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term of office
the period a government holds power (not "cadence")They can't fix it in one term of office.
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the glass ceiling
an unofficial barrier keeping women out of top jobsShe broke through the glass ceiling.
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even sth up
make it equal or fairSomething needs to be done to even things up.
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carry sth through
finish what you started, despite difficultyI doubt they'll carry these reforms through.
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put in for sth
apply for itShe put in for a promotion.
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make good on a promise
actually do what you promisedWill they make good on their promises?
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give sb the benefit of the doubt
trust them though you're not sureI'll give them the benefit of the doubt.
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the electorate
everyone who can voteI hope the electorate doesn't share your view.
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a benefits package
everything an employer gives on top of salaryHer benefits package included a car.
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cover sb's back
protect or help them in a difficult momentDasha covered your back there.
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halfway through (sth)
in the middle of itWe gave up halfway through the film.

Binomials

Fixed order, no logic to guess from — rote is the right tool.

by and large — generally, on the wholecut and dried — already decided, can't changeout and about — going to different placespick and choose — take only the best, fussilyshort and sweet — brief but pleasanthustle and bustle — busy, noisy activitypeace and quiet — free from stress and interruptionmake or break — will either succeed completely or fail (= sink or swim)give or take — approximatelyslowly but surely — gradual but certain changesooner or later — it will happen eventuallyfirst and foremost — most importantlypart and parcel of — an inseparable part of itlive and learn — said when you've just learnt something new

Full glossary

Unit 1 — Learning, failure & success (41)
TermMeaningNote
complete fallacya false idea many believe
an element of truthone part of it is trueThere's an element of truth in the story.
patently not truevery clearly untrue
ring trueyou believe it even if unsure
spot onexactly right
strike a chord (with sb)resonate, match their experience
a sweeping statementtoo general, ignores the facts
trot out a trite phrasewheel out a boring, overused line
vacuousshowing no intelligence, emptya vacuous comment
way too oversimplisticflattens something complex
be cut out for sthnaturally suited to itI wasn't cut out for farming.
change tackswitch approach
fly in the face of sthcontradict what's reasonable/accepted
get hung up about/on sthworry about it too muchget + hung, not hang
give sth a gotry italso a shot / a try; opposite: give sth a miss
go along with sb/sthagree with, support
have your fair share of sthhave had plenty of it
knock your confidencedamage your belief in yourselfnot lower / decrease
make strides in sthmake real progress
throw in the towelgive up, admit defeat
deliver a quality curriculumprovide a high-standard coursethe verb is deliver
develop a nurturing environmentcreate a place people feel cared for/ˈnɜː.tʃər.ɪŋ/
establish mutual respectrespect felt and shown both ways
find your own pathfind your own route in life
focus on individualitynot treat everyone the same
foster good relationshipshelp relationships grow
fulfil your potentialdevelop your ability fully/fʊlˈfɪl/
maintain rigorous standardskeep exact, demanding standards/ˈrɪɡ.ər.əs/
strive for excellencemake a great effort to be very good
a creative geniussomeone with huge creativity
creative thinkingcoming up with original solutions
a fertile imaginationinvents interesting, unusual things≠ fragile
a flash of inspirationa sudden clever idea
innateborn with it/ɪˈneɪt/
insightsudden clear understanding
instinctnatural tendency to act a certain way
a novel ideanew, unknown before≠ latest
out of the bluecompletely unexpectedly
raw talentnaturally good, undeveloped
spark ideascause new ideasideas are sparked by…
think outside the boxthink in a new, unusual way
Unit 2 — Cities, culture & flavours (38)
TermMeaningNote
bring long-term benefitsbenefits that last
do more harm than goodmake it worse while trying to help
end up stuck with sthbe left with what you never wanted
facilitate cultural developmentmake it easier to happen/fəˈsɪl.ɪ.teɪt/
give the cultural life a boostimprove it
have a detrimental effectcause damage or harmnot decremental
raise the cultural profileget more attention for it
showcase the best of sthdisplay its best qualities
tangible benefitsclear enough to be seen or touchednot touchable
give or takeapproximately€5 million, give or take
first and foremostmost importantly
part and parcel of sthan inseparable part of it
acceptadmit nothing can be donesummarising verb
acknowledgeadmit sth is true or exists
call forask publicly for sth to happen
citemention as an example / as proof
echorepeat what someone just said
illustratemake it clearer with an example
maintainstrongly insist sth is true
ponderthink about it carefully, at length
questionexpress doubt about sth
raise (an issue)start talking about it
voice (a concern)say what you feel about sth
back sb upsay that what they're saying is true
fill sb in (on sth)tell them what they missed
reel offrepeat a lot of information quickly
talk sb into sthpersuade them to do it
tip sb offgive a secret warning
commonplacehappens often, so not special
deeply rootedgoes far back, hard to changenot deeply standing
frowned uponsocially disapproved of
irrespective ofregardless of, has no effect on it
long-standinghas existed a long time
be peculiar to sthfound only there
stereotypicalfixed idea of what a group is like
an assault on the sensesoverwhelming sound/smell/sight
fuse interesting flavourscombine them
intriguing smellsinteresting because unexpected
Unit 3 — Get that job! (16)
TermMeaningNote
warrant a second lookbe good enough to be looked at again
identify your strong selling pointswork out what you're offering
play to your particular strengthssuit what you're already good at
leave a problematic digital footprintyour online trail counts against you
jeopardise your chances of successput them at risk
spread the wordlet your network know
tick all the boxesmeet every stated requirement
to muck in (with sb)share out the work so it gets done — UK informal, /mʌk/
turn your hand to anythingbe willing to do any task
do sth grudginglyunwillingly, resentfully
not in my remitnot part of my responsibilities
step updo what needs doing without being asked
go down wellbe received well
traceable / without a tracefindable / leaving nothing to find
by pull · pull strings · nepotism · a nepo babygetting things via who you know («по блату»)
a conflict of interest · biased
Unit 4 — Remote work & video-call fatigue (20)
TermMeaningNote
be down to sthbe caused by it — the informal because of / due toFailed 20 Aug — offered because of, due to; both formal
the odd (comment)odd = occasional, from time to timeThe second meaning of odd, not "strange"
to witter on (about sth)talk for ages about something unimportantPreposition is on
a big plusthe colloquial way to say an advantage
down to the wireright up to the last moment, outcome still unknownSynonyms: at the eleventh hour · in the nick of time · with a minute to spare
non-verbal cuestone of voice, body languagecues, not clues — harder to process on a video call, which is where the fatigue comes from
dissonancetwo things that don't fit togetherThe text's line: our minds are together but physically we are apart
video-call protocolseye contact with the camera, the awkward smile, covering up boredomExhausting because the attention goes to how you appear, not to the topic
apprehensiveanxious, nervousHer register-lift synonym — use it instead of repeating anxious
lose the thread (of a discussion)stop being able to follow it≠ lose the plot, which means go mad
to feel drainedemptied of energy afterwards
a reliefthe feeling of a burden lifting≠ relaxation — what the writer feels about no longer commuting
to commute / commutingthe daily travel to work or uni
to track deliverablescheck that what was committed actually landedThe employer-side answer: allow remote, track deliverables, rent co-working for whoever wants an office
a distributed teamspread across cities or countries
hybrid / combined workingsome days remote, some in the office
to scan a textskim for the gist — not the same as reading itContrast: read thoroughly / meticulously
to strollwalk unhurriedlyA course word from the first weeks — gone by 20 Aug
a cratethe dog boxcage is understood, crate is the word
a dog trainer / handlerthe professionNot "kinologist"
Unit 5 — Idioms & metaphors: water, and verbs of change (19)
TermMeaningNote
keep your head above watersurvive despite difficulty — no article before waterExplained almost entirely by the teacher before it landed
to surgemove with great strength (water, a river, or a crowd)Mispronounced as "tickle" at first, confused with trickle
to trickle (down)move slowly, a little at a time
trickle-down effect / economyhyphenated compound adjective from the phrasal verbNeeded the hyphen rule explained twice
to water sth downsoften or dilute it — cut the parts that might offendGuessed correctly ("spot on")
a wet blanketsomeone who spoils other people's funNot known
a party poopersomeone who ruins the fun for everyone else (= wet blanket)Not known
to pour sth outexpress feelings intensely and at lengthProduced unprompted
to gushflow out suddenly and in large quantities (blood, water)Got there after a garbled first guess
flooded (with spam/pictures)overwhelmed by a large quantity of somethingTried a Ukrainian calque ("fluid") — rejected
to exacerbate sthmake something bad or worseNeeded several tries
to aggravate sthmake something bad or worse (= exacerbate)Defined correctly straight away
to engender sthcause, bring about (formal) — engendered byFirst heard/said as "destruct" instead of distrust
to alleviate sthreduce a bad feeling or situation — stress, boredom, pain, financial debt, difficult workRepeatedly reached for elevate instead
to mitigate sthreduce something bad, especially risk, danger or diseaseSelf-produced; teacher flagged the narrower usage
to ease sthreduce, make less intense — ease stress levels, no articleWord was right, article was extra
to elevate sthraise or increase something — not a synonym for alleviateRecurring confusion with alleviate
to strengthen bondsmake relationships/ties stronger (between employees and employers)Answered confidently with concrete ideas
to boost moraleincrease confidence, spirit, or general enthusiasmUsed correctly and unprompted, including in personal examples
Unit 6 — Politics, equality & debate (24)
TermMeaningNote
a manifestoa party's list of promises (verb: to manifest)Said "manifest" first
a constitutiona country's founding set of lawsHomework word
cast a votevote in an electionGuessed a non-literal meaning
term of officethe period in powerSaid "cadence" (Ukrainian false friend)
the gender pay gapdifference in average pay between men and women
the glass ceilingunofficial barrier to top jobs for women
even sth upmake equal or fair
carry sth throughfinish what you started
put in for sthapply for (a job, a position)
make good on a promiseactually do what you promised
give sb the benefit of the doubttrust them despite doubts
the electorateall the voters
paternity leavetime off for a new fatherMispronounced, word supplied
a benefits packageeverything on top of salarySaid "puck / kit"
perkylively, cheerfulHomework word
a cakewalksomething very easy
spread the wordtell lots of peopleExplained cleanly; guessed with a hint
a vocation for sthwork you feel suited to (≠ vacation)Distinguished from vacation unprompted
vocational trainingpractical training for a tradeExplained cleanly
snowed underhaving too much workExplained cleanly
be bound tocertain or very likely to happenExplained cleanly
reel offrepeat a list quicklyNeither of us knew it
So what you're basically saying is…checking-understanding openerNeeded as a prompt
Am I right in thinking that…?checking-understanding opener (not "right to say")