C1 English with Andriana · Maksym & Dariia

17 Sep 2026 — Idioms & metaphors — water, and verbs for making things worse/better

Because AI cannot be snowed under this word.

Covered

  • Catch-up after the September gap — first class back on something closer to the old rhythm; next one already set for Monday.
  • Riddle warm-up leading into today's theme word: metaphor.
  • Water metaphors, matching exercise: keep your head above water, surge vs trickle (+ trickle-down effect), watered down, wet blanket / party pooper, dripping tap (rejected — not a real phrase), pour out, gush, flooded (with spam/pictures).
  • Revisited the bold vocabulary from the "Video Call Fatigue" text taught before the break, matched to meanings and drilled with a fill-in exercise: strengthen (bonds), exacerbate (divisions), engender (distrust / misunderstandings), aggravate (a problem/situation), alleviate / mitigate / ease (stress, boredom, financial debt), elevate, boost (morale).
  • Personal-answer round — each answered a "how has a difficult situation been aggravated / alleviated / engendered / boosted" question about real experience (hiring for a replacement on a work project, remote-work trust, team bonding, a recent trip boosting morale).
  • Homework set for the break between now and Monday: build a personal set for today's words, in your own example sentences, not AI-generated ones.

New language

keep your head above watermanage to survive/cope despite difficulty — no article before water
to surgemove with great strength (water, a river — or a crowd)
to trickle (down)move slowly, a little at a time
trickle-down effect / economyhyphenated compound adjective from the phrasal verb trickle down
to water sth downsoften or dilute it — cut the parts that might offend
a wet blanketsomeone who spoils other people's fun
a party poopersomeone who ruins the fun for everyone else (= wet blanket)
to pour sth outexpress feelings intensely and at length
to gushflow out suddenly and in large quantities
flooded (with spam/pictures)overwhelmed by a large quantity of something
to exacerbate sthmake something bad or worse
to aggravate sthmake something bad or worse (= exacerbate)
to engender sthcause, bring about (formal) — engendered by
to alleviate sthreduce a bad feeling or situation
to mitigate sthreduce something bad, especially risk, danger or disease
to ease sthreduce, make less intense — no article before the plural noun
to elevate sthraise or increase something — not a synonym for alleviate
to strengthen bondsmake relationships/ties stronger
to boost moraleincrease confidence, spirit, or general enthusiasm

Grammar

  • Zero article before water in fixed metaphors — keep your head above water, no article needed.
  • No article before a plural noun used generically — ease stress levels, not the stress levels.
  • Hyphenating a phrasal verb into a compound adjective — trickle down (verb) → trickle-down effect / economy (adjective).
  • elevate ≠ alleviate — elevate raises something, alleviate reduces something bad. Recurring confusion this lesson.

Quiz

Failed: keep your head above water — the idiom for surviving despite hardship, explained almost entirely by the teacher before it landed, a wet blanket / a party pooper — a person who spoils everyone's fun; neither known, flooded with spam — tried to calque a Ukrainian word as "fluid", rejected as no direct equivalent

Needed prompting: surge vs trickle — water moving with great strength vs slowly; mispronounced trickle as "tickle" at first, trickle-down effect — the hyphenated adjective form, needed the rule explained twice, to gush — blood flowing out suddenly, got there after a garbled first guess, to exacerbate — make something worse (formal), needed several tries before landing on the right direction, to engender — cause distrust (formal); first heard/said as "destruct" instead of distrust, to alleviate — reduce boredom/stress/financial debt; repeatedly reached for elevate instead, to mitigate — self-produced, teacher flagged it's more about risk/disease than everyday stress, to ease stress levels — word was right, an article was added where none was needed

Corrections

✗✓
"destruct" (for distrust)distrust
tickle downtrickle down
trickle down down (unclear hyphenation)trickle-down effect/economy
elevate boredomalleviate boredom
flooded with "fluid" (Ukrainian calque)flooded with spam — no direct English equivalent
ease the stress level(s)ease stress levels (no article)

Homework

  • Build your own set of examples for today's words (water metaphors + strengthen/exacerbate/engender/aggravate/alleviate/mitigate/ease/elevate/boost) — your own example sentences, not GPT's.
  • Optional: stress-syllable pronunciation clips she's sharing — short audio, listen and repeat.
  • Still outstanding from before the break: cover email in "Max's writings" · video resume, 5 min · the register note for the five important synonyms · the weird-professions article.

Notes

  • elevate vs alleviate is a genuinely recurring mix-up this lesson (boredom, then again on the personal-question round) — worth dedicated drilling rather than folding into general vocabulary review.
  • Personal example that landed well: describing a hiring situation as "aggravated" when the leading candidate declined the client interview — correct word, correct form, produced unprompted.
  • Small talk before the lesson didn't include a forced activation phrase this time — worth resuming next class.
  • Next lesson: Monday, 21 Sep.
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